The Parintintin are an indigenous people that live in Brazil in the Madeira River basin. They refer to themselves as Kagwahiva’nga or Kagwahiva, which means "our people."[1]
Following contact with Brazilians in 1946, a population of 4,000 at the time was eventually reduced to 120 after Brazil's second rubber boom and the construction of the Trans-Amazon highway in 1970. Further colonization of the Amazon basin led to the spread of diseases that the Parintintin were not prepared for.[2] The Parintintin currently face possible downstream impacts from the Madeira Hydroelectric Complex.
As of 2007, the Parintintin have a population of around 400 and live in three villages on two indigenous territories (TIs):